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Araguaia Guerrilla War
The Araguaia guerrilla ((ポルトガル語:Guerrilha do Araguaia)) was an armed movement in Brazil against its military dictatorship, active between 1967-1974 in the Araguaia river basin. It was founded by militants of the Communist Party of Brazil (PC do B), the then Maoist counterpart to the Brazilian Communist Party (PCB), which aimed at establishing a rural stronghold from whence to wage a War of National Liberation against the Brazilian military government, which had been in power since the 1964 coup d'état.〔("Araguaia guerrilla movement case" ). Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, March 6, 2001.〕 Its projected activities were based on the successful experiences led by the 26th of July Movement in the Cuban Revolution, and by the Communist Party of China during the Chinese Civil War.
==Outset==
The idea of setting up a focus of rural guerrilla that could function as a pole of attraction for all elements dissatisfied with the Brazilian military dictatorship in order to compensate for the smashing of urban opposition movements had been long nurtured among the Brazilian Left since 1964, but it was left to the PC do B to be the only political organization that actually tried to build up such a focus.〔Marcelo Ridenti , ''O fantasma da revolução brasileira'', São Paulo: UNESP, 1993, page 232〕
The guerrilla was countered by the Brazilian Army from 1972, when several of its members had already been established in the region for at least six years. The stage of combat operations between the guerrillas and the Army took place in the border of the states of Goiás, Pará and Maranhão. The movement's name came from the fact that its fighters were established on the banks of the Araguaia river, near the towns of São Geraldo, Pará and Xambioá, in northern Goiás (currently located in northern Tocantins, at a region popularly known as Bico do Papagaio (''Parrot's Beak'').〔 MORAIS, Tais and SILVA, Eumano. ''Operação Araguaia: os arquivos secretos da guerrilha''. São Paulo: Geração Editorial, 2005. 656p. ISBN 85-7509-119-0.〕 The region was chosen because it consisted of a hotspot of tension between peasants and developers (miners and public works contractors) attracted by the investment opportunities offered by the recent discovery of the nearby Carajás iron ore mine.〔Thomas E. Skidmore, ''The Politics of Military Rule in Brazil, 1964-85''. Oxford University Press, 1988, ISBN 0- 19-503898-3 , page 123〕 The guerrillas hoped to gain support of such tensions by siding with the peasants.
It is estimated that the movementwas composed of about 80 guerrillas. Of these, fewer than twenty survived - among them José Genoino, later president of the Workers' Party, who was arrested by the Army in 1972 during the first stage of military operations. The vast majority of combatants, primarily composed of former college students and self-employed workers, was killed in battle in the jungle or executed after arrest and torture during the final stages of military operations in 1973 and 1974.〔〔 However, none of the individuals was acknowledged as dead, remaining in the status of persons who had disappeared for political reasons.〔 Currently 60 of the combatants are still considered ''desaparecidos''.〔〔 ''Dossiê dos Mortos e Desaparecidos Políticos a partir de 1964''〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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